Some microbes living on sand grains use up all the oxygen around them. Their neighbors, left without oxygen, make the best of it: They use nitrate in the surrounding water for denitrification -- a ...

Scientists have revealed how a “tag-team” between the oceans and continents millions of years ago devastated marine life – and altered the course of evolution on Earth. Their study has unearthed a new ...

Colonization of sand by microorganisms. The same sand grains under the fluorescence microscope. Each green dots is a fluorescently stained microorganism on the surface of the sand grain. Human ...