Iron and its alloys, such as steel and cast iron, dominate the modern world, and there's growing demand for iron-derived products. Traditionally, blast furnaces transform iron ore into purified ...

Steel has underpinned modern life for centuries, but it comes at an expensive cost. The industry is responsible for nearly 7 percent of the world’s total carbon dioxide emissions, driven by blast ...

Steel is the backbone of modern civilization—used in everything from buildings and bridges to cars and appliances. On the other hand, steelmaking is one of the world’s largest sources of carbon ...

The metals that form the foundation of modern society also cause a number of problems. Separating the metals we want from other minerals is often energy-intensive and can leave behind large volumes of ...

It’s the shape and porosity, not the size, of metal oxide particles that matter for efficiency in electrochemical ironmaking. Iron and its alloys, such as steel and cast iron, dominate the modern ...