Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) deliver specific amino acids to ribosomes during translation of messenger RNA into proteins. The abundance of tRNAs can therefore have a profound impact on cell physiology, but ...

Scientists analyze 4.3 billion dipeptides across species to trace genetic code evolution and early protein development.

Genes are the building blocks of life, and the genetic code provides the instructions for the complex processes that make ...

On Tuesday, Flagship Pioneering, the major investor behind Moderna, announced yet another addition to their portfolio of RNA-curious companies. Following a year of hype around mRNA, a new company, ...

A new advanced, high-throughput sequencing technique should enable scientists to have a firmer grasp on the activity of naturally occurring microbiomes in response to real-world conditions and diet.

Biologists have directly observed the birth of a tRNA gene, using experimental evolution of bacterial populations in the laboratory. Translation is the process by which genetic information is ...

Cells use proteins to make other proteins - new research could explain how the first proteins arose without other enzymes directing the process ...

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 108, No. 17 (April 26, 2011), pp. 6933-6938 (6 pages) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases perform a critical step in ...

A cell contains several hundred thousand tRNA molecules, each of which consists of only 70 to 90 nucleotides folded into a cloverleaf-like pattern. At one end, tRNAs carry one of the twenty amino ...